Show employers that you have the foundational skills required for your next job or promotion.
The Linux Essentials Professional Development Certificate (PDC) also serves as an ideal stepping-stone to the more advanced LPIC Professional Certification track for Linux Systems Administrators.
Current Version: 1.6 (Exam code 010-160)
Objectives: 010-160
Prerequisites: There are no prerequisites for this certification
Requirements: Passing the Linux Essentials 010 exam
Validity Period: Lifetime
Languages: English, German, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese (Brazilian), Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional). Exams in following languages will be released in 2019: Italian, Spanish, French.
To receive the Linux Essentials Certificate the candidate must:
◈ have an understanding of the Linux and open source industry and knowledge of the most popular open source Applications;
◈ understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line; and
◈ have a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such as user/group management, working on the command line, and permissions.
Exam 010 Objectives
Exam Objectives Version: Version 1.6
Exam Code: 010-160
About Objective Weights: Each objective is assigned a weighting value. The weights indicate the relative importance of each objective on the exam. Objectives with higher weights will be covered in the exam with more questions.
Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source
1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems
Weight: 2
Description: Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Distributions
◈ Embedded Systems
◈ Linux in the Cloud
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
◈ Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
◈ CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
◈ Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
◈ Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
◈ Android
1.2 Major open source Applications
Weight: 2
Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Desktop Applications
◈ Server Applications
◈ Development Languages
◈ Package Management Tools and repositories
Terms and Utilities:
◈ OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
◈ Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MySQL, NFS, Samba
◈ C, Java, Perl, shell, Python, Samba
◈ dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum
1.3 Open Source Software and Licensing
Weight: 1
Description: Open communities and licensing open source Software for business.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Open source philosophy
◈ Open source licensing
◈ Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
◈ Copyleft, Permissive
◈ GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
◈ Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
◈ Open source business models
1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux
Weight: 2
Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Desktop Skills
◈ Getting to the Command Line
◈ Industry uses of Linux, Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Terms and Utilities:
◈ Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
◈ Terminal and Console
◈ Password issues
◈ Privacy issues and tools
◈ Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects
Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System
2.1 Command Line Basics
Weight: 3
Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Basic shell
◈ Command line syntax
◈ Variables
◈ Quoting
Terms and Utilities:
◈ Bash
◈ echo
◈ history
◈ PATH env variable
◈ export
◈ type
2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help
Weight: 2
Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Man Pages
◈ Info Pages
Terms and Utilities:
◈ man
◈ info
◈ Man pages
◈ /usr/share/doc/
◈ locate
2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files
Weight: 2
Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Files, directories
◈ Hidden files and directories
◈ Home directories
◈ Absolute and relative paths
Terms and Utilities:
◈ Common options for ls
◈ Recursive listings
◈ cd
◈ . and ..
◈ home and ~
2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files
Weight: 2
Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Files and directories
◈ Case sensitivity
◈ Simple globbing
Terms and Utilities:
◈ mv, cp, rm, touch
◈ mkdir, rmdir
Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line (weight: 9)
3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line
Weight: 2
Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Files, directories
◈ Archives, compression
Terms and Utilities:
◈ tar
◈ Common tar options
◈ gzip, bzip2
◈ zip, unzip
3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files
Weight: 3
Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Command line pipes
◈ I/O re-direction
◈ Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?
Terms and Utilities:
◈ grep
◈ less
◈ cat, head, tail
◈ sort
◈ cut
◈ wc
3.3 Turning Commands into a Script
Weight: 4
Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Basic shell scripting
◈ Awareness of common text editors
Terms and Utilities:
◈ #! (shebang)
◈ /bin/bash
◈ Variables
◈ Arguments
◈ for loops
◈ echo
◈ Exit status
Topic 4: The Linux Operating System (weight: 8)
4.1 Choosing an Operating System
Weight: 1
Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
◈ Distribution life cycle management
Terms and Utilities:
◈ GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
◈ Maintenance cycles, Beta and Stable
4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware
Weight: 2
Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Hardware
Terms and Utilities:
◈ Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
◈ Hard drives and partitions, /dev/sd*
◈ Drivers
4.3 Where Data is Stored
Weight: 3
Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Programs and configuration
◈ Processes
◈ Memory addresses
◈ System messaging
◈ Logging
Terms and Utilities:
◈ ps, top, free
◈ syslog, dmesg
◈ /etc/, /var/log/
◈ /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/
4.4 Your Computer on the Network
Weight: 2
Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Internet, network, routers
◈ Querying DNS client configuration
◈ Querying Network configuration
Terms and Utilities:
◈ route, ip route show
◈ ifconfig, ip addr show
◈ netstat, ip route show
◈ /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
◈ IPv4, IPv6
◈ ping
◈ host
Topic 5: Security and File Permissions (weight: 7)
5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types
Weight: 2
Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Root and Standard Users
◈ System users
Terms and Utilities:
◈ /etc/passwd, /etc/group
◈ id, who, w
◈ sudo, su
5.2 Creating Users and Groups
Weight: 2
Description: Creating users and groups on a Linux system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ User and group commands
◈ User IDs
Terms and Utilities:
◈ /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
◈ useradd, groupadd
◈ passwd
5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership
Weight: 2
Description: Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ File/directory permissions and owners
Terms and Utilities:
◈ ls -l, ls -a
◈ chmod, chown
5.4 Special Directories and Files
Weight: 1
Description: Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
◈ Using temporary files and directories
◈ Symbolic links
Terms and Utilities:
◈ /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
◈ ls -d
◈ ln -s
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