Warning: An FTP transmission is not encrypted. Anyone who intercepts the transmission can read the data you send, including your username and password.
For a secure transmission, use SFTP.
Establish an FTP Connection
Before you can use the various FTP commands, you must establish a connection with the remote network or computer. Do this by opening a terminal window in Linux and typing ftp followed by a domain name or an IP address of the FTP server, such as ftp 192-168-0-1 or ftp domain.com. For example:
ftp abc.xyz.edu
This command attempts to connect to the ftp server at abc.xyz.edu. If it succeeds, it asks you to log in using a username and password. Public FTP servers often allow you to log in using the username anonymous and your email address as a password or with no password at all.
When you log in successfully, you see an ftp> prompt on the terminal screen. Before you go any further, get a list of the available FTP commands using the help function. It is useful because depending on your system and software, some of the FTP commands listed here may or may not work.
FTP Command Examples and Descriptions
The FTP commands used with Linux and UNIX differ from the FTP commands used with the Windows command line. Here are examples that illustrate typical uses of the Linux FTP commands for remotely copying, renaming, and deleting files.
ftp> help
The help function lists the commands that you can use to show the directory contents, transfer files, and delete files.
The command ftp> ? accomplishes the same thing.
ftp> ls
This command prints the names of the files and subdirectories in the current directory on the remote computer.
ftp> cd customers
This command changes the current directory to the subdirectory named customers, if it exists.
ftp> cdup
This changes the current directory to the parent directory.
ftp> lcd [images]
This command changes the current directory on the local computer to images, if it exists.
ftp> ascii
This changes to ascii mode for transferring text files. ASCII is the default on most systems.
ftp> binary
This command changes to binary mode for transferring all files that are not text files.
ftp> get image1.jpg
This downloads the file image1.jpg from the remote computer to the local computer. Warning: If there already is a file on the local computer with the same name, it is overwritten.
ftp> put image2.jpg
Uploads the file image2.jpg from the local computer to the remote computer. Warning: If there already is a file on the remote computer with the same name, it is overwritten.
ftp> !ls
Add an exclamation mark in front of a command executes the specified command on the local computer. So !ls lists the file names and directory names of the current directory on the local computer.
ftp> mget *.jpg
With the mget command. you can download multiple images. This command downloads all files that end with .jpg.
ftp> rename [from] [to]
The rename command changes the file named [from] to the new name [to] on the remote server.
ftp> put local-file [remote-file]
This command stores a local file on the remote machine. Send local-file [remote file] does the same thing.
ftp> mput *.jpg
This command uploads all the files that end with .jpg to the active folder at the remote machine.
ftp> delete remote-file
Delete the file named remote-file on the remote machine.
ftp> mdelete *.jpg
This deletes all files that end with .jpg in the active folder on the remote machine.
ftp> size file-name
Determine the size of a file on the remote machine with this command.
ftp> mkdir [directory-name]
Make a new directory on the remote server.
ftp> prompt
The prompt command turns interactive mode on or off so that commands on multiple files are executed without user confirmation.
ftp> quit
The quit command terminates the FTP session and exits the FTP program. The commands bye and exit accomplish the same thing.
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