LPIC-1 System Administrator Exam 101-500 Dumps

LPIC-1 System Administrator is the first certification in LPI’s multi-level Linux professional certification program, which is the world’s largest and most recognized Linux certification. Currently, you need to complete version 5.0 (101-500 and 102-500) to complete your Lpi LPIC-1 System Administrator certification. Recently, we newly released LPIC-1 System Administrator Exam 101-500 Dumps. It is the latest online materials for starting your LPIC-1 System Administrator certification.

1. In which directory must definition files be placed to add additional repositories to yum?

Solution: /etc/yum.repos.d, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum.repos.d, yum.repos.d/

Determine whether the given solution is correct?

• Incorrect
• Correct

2. Which of the following commands will print the last 10 lines of a text file to the standard output?

• dump -n 10 filename
• tail -n 10 filename
• head -n 10 filename
• cat -n 10 filename

3. Which of these will list all libraries currently stored in cache?

• libip6tc.so.0.1.0
• ldconfig -p
• ldconfig
• ldd

4. In compliance with the FHS, in which of the following directories are documentation files found?

• /etc/share/doc
• /usr/share/documentation
• /usr/local/share/documentation
• /usr/share/doc
• /var/share/doc

5. Which command can you use to send a message to all users who are currently logged into a system?

• cat
• ssh
• wall
• tee

6. What is the effect of the following command?

$ pr report.txt | lpr

• The file report.txt is formatted for printing and sent to the l pr program.
• Tabs are converted to spaces in report.txt, and the result is saved in lpr.
• The files report.txt and lpr are combined together into one file and sent to standard output.
• The file report.txt is printed, and any error messages are stored in the file lpr.
• None of the above.

7. Typing ls -ld wonderjaye reveals a symbolic file mode of drwxr-xr-x.

Which of the following are true? (Select two.)

• wonderjaye is a symbolic link.
• wonderjaye has its SUID bit set.
• wonderjaye is an executable program.
• wonderjaye may be read by all users of the system.
• wonderjaye is a directory.

8. What happens after issuing the command vi without any additional parameters?

• vi starts in command mode and opens a new empty file.
• vi starts and requires the user to explicitly either create a new or load an existing file.
• vi starts and opens a new file which is filled with the content of the vi buffer if the buffer contains text.
• vi starts and loads the last file used and moves the cursor to the position where vi was when it last exited.
• vi exits with an error message as it cannot be invoked without a file name to operate on.

9. You’ve just installed Linux on a new computer with a single SATA hard disk.

What device identifier will refer to the disk?

• /dev/mapper/disk1
• /dev/sda
• /dev/sda or /dev/hda
• C:
• /dev/hda

10. Which of these will create at least one new file?

• split -3 filename
• wc /var/log/syslog
• od filename
• join filename1 filename2

Source: dumpsbase.com

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LPIC-3 Exam: Mixed Environments 300-100 Dumps Questions

Lpi Certification 300-100 LPIC-3 300: Mixed Environment certification covers the administration of Linux systems enterprise-wide in a mixed environment. 300-100 exam is related to LPIC-3 Certification. The candidate must have an active LPIC-2 certification to receive LPIC-3 certification, but the LPIC-2 and LPIC-3 exams may be taken in any order. LPIC-3 Exam 300: Mixed Environments 300-100 Dumps Questions Online will help you pass 300-100 LPIC-3 Exam 300: Mixed Environments exam.

1. In slapd.conf, what keyword will instruct slapd to not ask the client for a certificate.
TLSVerifyClient = ________

• never
• nocert
• none
• unverified

2. OpenLDAP can be secured by which of these options? (Select THREE correct choices)

• TLS (Transport Layer Security)
• ACLs (Access Control Lists)
• HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
• OSI-L2 (OSI Layer 2 encryption)

3. After modifying the indexes for a database in slapd.conf and running slapindex, the slapd daemon refuses to start when its init script is called.
What is the most likely cause of this?

• The indexes are not compatible with the init script.
• The init script cannot be run after executing slapindex, without first signing the indexes with slapsign.
• The init script has identified one or more invalid indexes.
• The init script is starting slapd as an ordinary user, and the index files are owned by root.

4. What does cachesize 1000000 represent in the slapd.conf file?

• The number of entries to be cached.
• The size of the cache in Bytes.
• The size of the cache in Bits.
• The minimum cache size in Bytes.
• The maximum cache size in Bytes.

5. What is the correct command to regenerate slapd indices based upon the current contents of the database?

• slapd index
• sindexd
• slapindex
• There is no index command, indexing is handled by the slapd daemon.

Source: dumpsbase.com

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Strategic moves at Federal Academy for Cyber Education in India

When a college in India, the Federal Academy for Cyber Education (FACE), started a major restructuring of their program, an important part of their strategy was to become a partner of Linux Professional Institute (LPI). I talked to founder and CEO Rajeev Therodath about why they are working closely with LPI, and what benefits they hope to see.

FACE started five years ago in Kochi (formerly known as Cochin) in the state of Kerala. The college now serves more than 800 students and professionals.

The prevalence of GNU/Linux in data centers—along with many kinds of free software, such as databases and proxy servers—requires a cybersecurity expert to understand open source. Many valuable tools for cybersecurity (as well as tools that can be used for attack) are also open source. Therefore, open source is a big part of FACE's training program. (It also offers other kinds of technical training, especially data science.)

Many graduates of FACE look for jobs outside India. Therefore, Therodath recognized the need for a globally recognized certification and saw that LPI was the most popular certification in open source. By becoming an LPI partner, Therodath hopes to benefit from LPI's learning materials and to get some promotion through social media.

The partnership is a mutually beneficial relationship. Therodath is persuading Indian tech firms to see the importance of tech certification in general, and LPI certs in particular.

For a while, FACE worked on creating their own certification program. Many other firms in India do so. But Therodath has given up their program to work with LPI and encourages other firms to do so too.

FACE is undergoing structural changes and bringing in new staff. Their web page is minimal at the moment as they regroup. I intend to return to FACE over the coming months and report on their open source venture.

Source: lpi.org

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Updated 201-450 Exam Dumps Are Completed For Linux Professional Institute LPIC-2 Certification

Passing 201-450 and 202-450 is the requirement of getting Linux Professional Institute LPIC-2 certification. Good news here, the most updated 201-450 exam dumps are completed for your LPIC-2 certification.

1. What command must be used to create an ext3 file-system?

• mkext3fs
• mkjfs
• mke3fs
• mke2fs
• mkext2fs

2. What needs to be done to enable 32 bit I/O transfer mode for (E)IDE disks, on a system running a 2.4 series Linux kernel?

• The Linux kernel must be recompiled.
• The sysctl utility must be used.
• The hdparm utility must be used.
• This feature isn't supported in 2.4 series kernels.
• This feature is enabled by default in 2.4 series kernels

3. DNSSEC is used for?

• Encrypted DNS queries between nameservers.
• Cryptographic authentication of DNS zones.
• Secondary DNS queries for local zones.
• Defining a secure DNS section.
• Querying a secure DNS section.

4. Which of these commands allows you to use shared libraries that are in /usr/local/lib?

• export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib
• export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
• ldconfig /usr/local/lib
• ldd /usr/local/lib

5. Which TWO archiving formats are used to create an initramfs image?

• gzip
• tar
• rar
• cpio
• bzip2

6. After unpacking the source code for a Linux kernel, what is the first make command that should be run which will delete any current configuration and all generated files?

This command will ensure that no inappropriate files were left in the kernel archive by the maintainer.

• make depend
• make distclean
• make config
• make clean
• make mrproper

7. Which script, in the linux/scripts directory, can be used to add up grades or updated code to the 2.6.xx kernel source code?

• patch
• patch-kernel
• kernel-update
• upgrade-kernel
• upgrade

8. What tool can you use to print shared library dependencies?

• ldconfig
• ldd
• libdep
• libpath
• ldev

9. Which of the following commands will copy one disk partition /dev/sda3 to /dev/sdb3?

• dd if=/dev/sdb3 of =/dev/sda3 bs=4096 conv=notrunc
• dd if=/dev/sda3 of=/dev/sdb3 bs=4096 conv=notrunc
• dd --input /dev/sda3 --output /dev/sdb3 bs=4096 conv=notrunc
• dd --input /dev/sdb3 --output /dev/sda3 bs=4096 conv=notrunc

10. After unpacking source code, what file is used by configure to create a final Makefile?

• configure.in
• configure.ac
• Makefile.in
• Makefile.tmpl

Source: dumpsbase.com

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How a GNU/Linux Distribution Succeeds, Part 2: Red Hat and Debian Steps to Success

The first article in this series looked at the key roles played by community and policy from the beginning in the Red Hat and Debian distributions of Linux. We’ll look at two other key success factors in this concluding part.

Following a professional process to develop a reliable product

After the bumblings of the aptly named Slackware distribution in the early 1990s, Debian was seen (according to Matt Welsh) as "the distribution that did it right." A huge amount of effort goes into picking the right mix of software to include in a distribution—giving users what they need without introducing bloat or fragile software—as well into testing, packaging, distribution, security scanning, performance tuning, and support. Both Debian and Red Hat must have carried off these daunting tasks excellently and thus won users' trust.

When Physical Media Ruled

The earliest Linux distributions came on floppy disks, even though CD-ROMs had been invented years before. I suppose it took a while for CD-ROM readers to get into personal computers, and for support to come for these devices. Anyway, my memory (which is the best source I have for this point, unfortunately) tells me that Red Hat was one of the first distributions burned onto CD-ROMs. No one likes loading 50 or more floppy disks, so the change of medium made Linux really accessible for the first time.

Bruce Perens adds, “I bought a CD-writer for $1,400 and made Debian’s own CD image, because the early CD makers sold CDs with several distributions on them, but kept getting Debian wrong. I don’t believe that my motherboard knew how to boot from CD, and thus the Debian installer consisted of two 3.5 inch floppies and a CD-writable. The first floppy contained just the Linux kernel, and the second contained Busybox (which I wrote for the purpose of booting), a tiny root filesystem, and an installer written in the shell.”

Red Hat came along when Linux was getting buzz, and capitalized on it well in their marketing. Scott McCarty recalls when you could get Red Hat CD-ROMs at Best Buy, an American "big box" store that sells home appliances such as refrigerators.

Of course, I haven't seen software distributed on CD-ROM for many years. Red Hat changed its focus to the enterprise and then to cloud computing. McCarty says that the focus on the enterprise occurred in the early 2000s with Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1. Their latest gadget is software aimed to provide an "automated image-building service for hybrid clouds."

SUSE Gains a Foothold

Around the same time as Red Hat, SUSE entered the market with an offering that seemed similar. But it was Red Hat that prospered (80% of the paid Linux market today, according to McCarty) and SUSE comes up as an afterthought. Why?

Perhaps it was simply that the U.S. presented a larger market than Germany, so Red Hat had the home team advantage. Welsh recalls that SUSE suffered from a vaguely "European feel" that Americans weren't comfortable with, along with an inappropriate governance structure and a choice of KDE (a project that started in Germany) as SUSE's default desktop when more Americans prefered GNOME.

After Novell bought SUSE in 2003, Welsh said that users and developers no longer saw SUSE as a community effort, although OpenSUSE persists. SUSE as a company even reported increased earnings in its most recently tallied quarter.

McCarty is more specific and concrete, citing professionalism again as Red Hat's advantage over SUSE. For instance, SUSE tended to tell customers to upgrade to the current version of their software instead of backporting bug fixes to earlier versions, whereas Red Hat understood enterprises' need to avoid disruption by running a single version for many years.

And Now For Ubuntu

Another company got its start by addressing Debian's main weakness (as I saw it): difficulty installing the software. The Debian process was not easy for technically unsophisticated users, and (according to Linux expert Don Marti)  its mailing lists were sometimes unfriendly to people asking for advice on installation and getting started. These areas are where Canonical built on Debian and provided a more appealing experience through their Ubuntu distribution.

Creating a robust packaging system

Part of a professional approach to maintaining a distribution is to provide a simple but trustworthy way to install and update software. Welsh says that packaging was a new concept at the time Debian and Red Hat started, and that both projects did a superb job with it. Indeed, their packaging formats (.deb and .rpm respectively) are the only two that have really mattered for many years. (A newer entrant into the packaging area, Flatpak, is jostling things somewhat.) Perens says, for instance, that the terms “upstream” and “downstream” were probably used first at Debian in reference to package producers and projects that build on the packages.

Welsh helped to develop Debian's first package manager. He says they were thinking architecturally, and saw the importance of structuring packages into families (audio, telephony, etc.) A good packaging system brings in more software, because software projects can easily provide a package, as well as more users.

Successful distributions cover all fronts

We’ve seen in this exploration of Linux distribution history that in order to succeed, everything has to be done well. A project must stay close to its community while putting money and sweat into professionalizing every aspect of the development and distribution processes. A project must do even more, though: It must remain supple and be willing to shift dramatically in response to change. Debian, for instance, did this in developing its New Maintainer's Process, and Red Hat in shifting to virtual machines, containers, etc.

As GNU/Linux continues to spread and take on new tasks, the need for new distributions arises. There are many popular distributions not covered in this article. I hope the article is useful to project leaders who want to make the enormous work they put into their distribution succeed.

Source: lpi.org

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Slimbook plans to expand its Linux laptop business

Slimbook has been selling laptops running GNU/Linux along with server systems and accessories since 2015. A company running out of Valencia, Spain, it has recently just signed a Solution Provider agreement with Linux Professional Institute (LPI).

To learn more about Slimbook's business model and its relation to the free and open source software community, Andy Oram conducted this interview over email with founder and CEO Alejandro López.

Who tends to buy Slimbook products? Are they usually buying the products as part of a company, as an individual, etc.? Do you know whether the products have specialized uses?

Slimbook started in 2015 selling to private customers, and the good opinions of our users led developers and system administrators to ask their CTOs for our computers for their jobs.

A Slimbook KYMERA desktop computer

So now we sell to individuals, companies and public institutions such as colleges or universities.

What is the key advantage of your product over similar ones?

We strive to ensure GNU/Linux compatibility and contribute to improving the ecosystem in many ways. We stay in touch with Linux developers, report bugs and fixes, and promote GNU/Linux locally.

Do you have plans to expand the business?

Yes, it is important to expand, because we compete against big computer brands, and being small it is very difficult to compete. Expanding to more countries and customers will do more for us and for GNU/Linux.

What advantage do you get from your LPI partnership? Do you plan to take part in the LPI community, aside from the partnership?

The Slimbook ONE desktop Mini-PC

Yes, of course. Our relationship has started slowly with LPI because of some other large projects we are finishing up. But we recognize our association with LPI as a long-distance race, and therefore we must start now and keep improving.

What should the FLOSS community do to get more people to use GNU/Linux (which hopefully will include your product)?

Our first collaboration with the KDE desktop project was an important step. We successfully installed KDE Neon on Slimbook laptops, and were taken by surprise when a routine Neon update broke on Slimbook. Our communication with the KDE developers made it possible for us to fix the problems before users had them. Our collaboration with KDE helped both of us to fix some of our processes. Improving the user experience is crucial for Linux to be more used by people.

Source: lpi.org

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Updated 101-500 Exam Dumps V12.02 [2022] – Proper Study Materials For 101-500 Exam Preparation

We have updated 101-500 exam dumps V12.02 with the accurate questions and answers to be your proper study materials for LPI Linux Administrator – 101 (LPIC-1 101) 101-500 exam preparation. Learning the DumpsBase 101-500 exam dumps could be an effective way to pass the LPI Linux Administrator – 101 (LPIC-1 101) certification exam. We guarantee that with the most updated 101-500 exam dumps V12.02, you can pass the LPI Linux Administrator – 101 (LPIC-1 101) exam on the first attempt.

1. Which of the following information is stored within the BIOS? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

• Boot device order
• Linux kernel version
• Timezone
• Hardware configuration
• The system's hostname

2. Which of the following options for the kernel's command line changes the systemd boot target to rescue.target instead of the default target?

• systemd.target=rescue.target
• systemd.runlevel=rescue.target
• systemd.service=rescue.target
• systemd.default=rescue.target
• systemd.unit=rescue.target

3. During a system boot cycle, what program is executed after the BIOS completes its tasks?

• The bootloader
• The inetd program
• The init program
• The kernel

4. What information can the lspci command display about the system hardware? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

• Device IRQ settings
• PCI bus speed
• System battery type
• Device vendor identification
• Ethernet MAC address

5. During a system boot cycle, what is the program that is run after the BIOS completes its tasks?

• The bootloader
• The inetd program
• The init program
• The kernel

6. The system is having trouble and the engineer wants to bypass the usual /sbin/init start up and run /bin/sh.
What is the usual way to pass this change to the kernel from your boot loader?

• Start in runlevel 1.
• Pass init=/bin/sh on the kernel parameter line.
• Pass /bin/sh on the kernel parameter line.
• Pass start=/bin/sh on the kernel parameter line.

7. What is the first program that is usually started, at boot time, by the Linux kernel when using SysV init?

• /lib/init.so
• /sbin/init
• /etc/rc.d/rcinit
• /proc/sys/kernel/init
• /boot/init

8. Which of the following kernel parameters instructs the kernel to suppress most boot messages?

• silent
• verbose=0
• nomesg
• quiet

9. The message "Hard Disk Error" is displayed on the screen during Stage 1 of the GRUB boot process.
What does this indicate?

• The kernel was unable to execute /bin/init
• The next Stage cannot be read from the hard disk because GRUB was unable to determine the size and geometry of the disk
• One or more of the filesystems on the hard disk has errors and a filesystem check should be run
• The BIOS was unable to read the necessary data from the Master Boot Record to begin the boot process

10. Which of the following commands will write a message to the terminals of all logged in users?

• bcast
• mesg
• print
• wall
• yell

11. Which SysV init configuration file should be modified to disable the ctrl-alt-delete key combination?

• /etc/keys
• /proc/keys
• /etc/inittab
• /proc/inittab
• /etc/reboot

12. Which of the following commands reboots the system when using SysV init? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

• shutdown -r now
• shutdown -r "rebooting"
• telinit 6
• telinit 0
• shutdown -k now "rebooting"

13. Which run levels should never be declared as the default run level when using SysV init? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

• 0
• 1
• 3
• 5
• 6

14. Which of the following statements is correct when talking about /proc/?

• All changes to files in /proc/ are stored in /etc/proc.d/ and restored on reboot.
• All files within /proc/ are read-only and their contents cannot be changed.
• All changes to files in /proc/ are immediately recognized by the kernel.
• All files within /proc/ are only readable by the root user.

15. Which of the following are init systems used within Linux systems? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

• startd
• systemd
• Upstart
• SysInit
• SysV init

Source: dumpsbase.com

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The Developers Conference demonstrates how all technology events are FOSS events

For fifteen years, The Developers Conference has taken place in several locations in Brazil. Of course, during the Covid-19 outbreak, like several other conferences, TDC (as it is called by its participants), became a virtual event. Returning in August, 2022 to an in-person format in Sao Paulo, TDC Business Edition, was the biggest event yet. I had the honor to participate. 

Returning to an in-person format doesn't mean at all that the virtual conference will go away. In fact, the opposite is occuring. As Yara Mascarenhas, founder and CEO of The Developers Conference, says:

"We believe that the Digital Transformation is not an uncomfortable cloth that we want to take out as soon as arriving home, but a comfy cloth that we feel comfortable keeping. We strongly believe that the hybrid format event is the future!"

I really can’t remember how many editions of TDC I participated in, even before joining the Linux Professional Institute. There were really a lot of them. I do recall, however, that after I joined LPI as an executive, we started to support the event. It was a place where we could talk about free and open source software and spread our mission–to promote the use of open source by supporting the people who work with it–to a broader audience.

Although we formally support the Devops and the Web Front End tracks, I usually sample the other tracks to check out what people are talking about. Partaking of many aspects of TDC this year, I realized more and more that every technology event is, nowadays, about free and open source technologies.

This realization brought back to my mind something Mike Cohn wrote for InfoQ, more than ten years ago:

I’d like agile to reach this same point, where we no longer need to talk about it. Rather than "agile software development" it is just "software development–and of course it’s agile. No one asks me if the Ruby code I’m writing these days is OO. Of course it is. I hope someday no one has to ask if I used agile on the project. Of course I did.

In a similar analogy, it seems to me that free and open source software will soon be called, well, just “software.” The Developer's Conference has realized that and now invites every event participant (speakers, organizers, sponsors, and all sorts of collaborators) to think of the need for all sorts of knowledge to be free.

◉ Along with several "show-me-the-code" style talks, there are an equivalent amount of talks in the "show-me-exactly-how-you-did-it" style. The range of themes varied:"How I got the job I have"

◉ "How I got promoted"

◉ "How to have people mesmerized by your talk"

◉ All the way to "How I really scaled up my app"

◉ And also "How I failed miserably"

And I must tell you that a "face-to-face" event is still way, way better than the virtual ones. The energy is just different, and the random effect of unexpected encounters is amazing–for me, one led to reviving a childhood friendship!

TDC invests a lot of time and effort in careers and mentorship talks, workshops, and one-on-one sessions. The organizers never forget to consider diversity and inclusion. It was, after all, at one of the 2019th editions of TDC that I got to know the educaTRANSforma project, which LPI has been supporting since then in its mission to prepare transgender and nonbinary people for a career in compting. It was a pleasure there to find Victoria Corotto, first educaTRANSforma student, working for one of the biggest companies supporting TDC, Unico, which is also a big FOSS user and contributor.

LPI thanks The Developers Conference for our growing partnership, and we look forward to being present in all its future editions.

Keep an eye out for the first edition of The Developers Conference in Spanish and submit your talk!

Source: lpi.org

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