du command, short for disk usage, is used to estimate file space usage.
The du command can be used to track the files and directories which are consuming excessive amount of space on hard disk drive.
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
du /home/xyz/test
44 /home/xyz/test/data
2012 /home/xyz/test/system design
24 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32 /home/xyz/test/table
100104 /home/xyz/test
–apparent-size : print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage.
-B, –block-size=SIZE : scale sizes to SIZE before printing on console
-c, –total : produce grand total
-d, –max-depth=N : print total for directory only if it is N or fewer levels below command line argument
-h, –human-readable : print sizes in human readable format
-S, -separate-dirs : for directories, don’t include size of subdirectories
-s, –summarize : display only total for each directory
–time : show time of of last modification of any file or directory.
–exclude=PATTERN : exclude files that match PATTERN
du -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
44K /home/xyz/test/data
2.0M /home/xyz/test/system design
24K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32K /home/xyz/test/table
98M /home/xyz/test
du -a -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
This is partial output of above command.
4.0K /home/xyz/test/blah1-new
4.0K /home/xyz/test/fbtest.py
8.0K /home/xyz/test/data/4.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/7.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/1.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/3.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/6.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/2.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/8.txt
8.0K /home/xyz/test/data/5.txt
44K /home/xyz/test/data
4.0K /home/xyz/test/notifier.py
du -c -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
44K /home/xyz/test/data
2.0M /home/xyz/test/system design
24K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32K /home/xyz/test/table
98M /home/xyz/test
98M total
du -d 1 /home/xyz/test
Output:
44 /home/xyz/test/data
2012 /home/xyz/test/system design
32 /home/xyz/test/table
100104 /home/xyz/test
Now try with level 2, you will get some extra directories
du -d 2 /home/xyz/test
Output:
44 /home/xyz/test/data
2012 /home/xyz/test/system design
28 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32 /home/xyz/test/table
100104 /home/xyz/test
du -s /home/xyz/test
Output:
100104 /home/xyz/test
du --time -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
44K 2018-01-14 22:22 /home/xyz/test/data
2.0M 2017-12-24 23:06 /home/xyz/test/system design
24K 2017-12-30 10:20 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28K 2017-12-30 10:20 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32K 2017-12-30 10:20 /home/xyz/test/table
98M 2018-02-02 17:32 /home/xyz/test
Read More: LPI Certifications
Syntax :
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Examples :
du /home/xyz/test
Output:
44 /home/xyz/test/data
2012 /home/xyz/test/system design
24 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32 /home/xyz/test/table
100104 /home/xyz/test
Options :
-0, –null : end each output line with NULL
-a, –all : write count of all files, not just directories–apparent-size : print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage.
-B, –block-size=SIZE : scale sizes to SIZE before printing on console
-c, –total : produce grand total
-d, –max-depth=N : print total for directory only if it is N or fewer levels below command line argument
-h, –human-readable : print sizes in human readable format
-S, -separate-dirs : for directories, don’t include size of subdirectories
-s, –summarize : display only total for each directory
–time : show time of of last modification of any file or directory.
–exclude=PATTERN : exclude files that match PATTERN
Command usage examples with options :
1. If we want to print sizes in human readable format(K, M, G), use -h option
du -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
44K /home/xyz/test/data
2.0M /home/xyz/test/system design
24K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32K /home/xyz/test/table
98M /home/xyz/test
2. Use -a option for printing all files including directories.
du -a -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
This is partial output of above command.
4.0K /home/xyz/test/blah1-new
4.0K /home/xyz/test/fbtest.py
8.0K /home/xyz/test/data/4.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/7.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/1.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/3.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/6.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/2.txt
4.0K /home/xyz/test/data/8.txt
8.0K /home/xyz/test/data/5.txt
44K /home/xyz/test/data
4.0K /home/xyz/test/notifier.py
3. Use -c option to print total size
du -c -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
44K /home/xyz/test/data
2.0M /home/xyz/test/system design
24K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28K /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32K /home/xyz/test/table
98M /home/xyz/test
98M total
4. To print sizes till particular level, use -d option with level no.
du -d 1 /home/xyz/test
Output:
44 /home/xyz/test/data
2012 /home/xyz/test/system design
32 /home/xyz/test/table
100104 /home/xyz/test
Now try with level 2, you will get some extra directories
du -d 2 /home/xyz/test
Output:
44 /home/xyz/test/data
2012 /home/xyz/test/system design
28 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32 /home/xyz/test/table
100104 /home/xyz/test
5. Get summary of file system using -s option
du -s /home/xyz/test
Output:
100104 /home/xyz/test
6. Get the timestamp of last modified using --time option
du --time -h /home/xyz/test
Output:
44K 2018-01-14 22:22 /home/xyz/test/data
2.0M 2017-12-24 23:06 /home/xyz/test/system design
24K 2017-12-30 10:20 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table/tree
28K 2017-12-30 10:20 /home/xyz/test/table/sample_table
32K 2017-12-30 10:20 /home/xyz/test/table
98M 2018-02-02 17:32 /home/xyz/test
Read More: LPI Certifications
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