Process control commands in Unix are:
bg - put suspended process into background
fg - bring process into foreground
jobs - list processes
Syntax :
bg [job]
Options
The character % introduces a job specification. The Job can be a process ID (PID) number, or we can use one of the following symbol combinations:
%Number : Use the job number such as %1 or %2.
%String : Use the string whose name begins
with suspended command such as %commandNameHere or
%ping.
%+ OR %% : Refers to the current job.
%- : Refers to the previous job.
bg examples
Command
bg %1
Output:
The stopped job will resume operation, but remain in the background.
It will not receive any input from the terminal while it's in the background,
but it will keep running.
2. fg Command: fg command moves a background job in the current shell environment into the foreground. Use the job ID parameter to indicate a specific job to be run in the foreground. If this parameter is not supplied, the fg command uses the job most recently suspended, placed in the background, or run as a background job .
Syntax :
fg [ %job]
Options
%job: Specifies the job that you want to run in the foreground.
fg examples
Command
$ fg
Output:
It will resume the most recently suspended or background job.
Command
$ fg 1
Output:
It brings the job with the id 1 into the foreground, resuming it if it was suspended.
3. Jobs Command: Jobs command is used to list the jobs that you are running in the background and in the foreground. If the prompt is returned with no information no jobs are present. All shells are not capable of running this command. This command is only available in the csh, bash, tcsh, and ksh shells.
Syntax :
jobs [JOB]
Options
JOB Job name or number.
-l Lists process IDs in addition to the normal information.
-n List only processes that have changed status since the last notification.
-p Lists process IDs only.
-r Restrict output to running jobs.
-s Restrict output to stopped jobs.
jobs command examples
To display the status of jobs in the current shell:
Command
$ jobs
Output:
[1] 7893 Running gpass &
[2] 7904 Running gnome-calculator &
[3]- 7955 Running gedit fetch-stock-prices.py &
[4]+ 7958 Stopped ping cyberciti.biz
To display the process ID or jobs for the job whose name begins with “p,”:
Command
$ jobs -p %p
OR
$ jobs %p
Output:
[4]- Stopped ping cyberciti.biz
The character % introduces a job specification. In this example, you are using the string whose name begins with suspended command such as %ping.
Pass the -p option to jobs command to display PIDs only:
Command
$ jobs -p
Output:
7895
7906
7910
7946
Pass the -r option to jobs command to display only running jobs only:
Command
$ jobs -r
Output:
[1] Running gpass &
[2] Running gnome-calculator &
[3]- Running gedit fetch-stock-prices.py &
Incredible points. Sound arguments. Keep up the great work. chroot X11
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